Windows Troubleshooting Tools
Command-line tools and utilities for diagnosing and fixing Windows issues.
System File & Image Repair
sfc /scannowScans and repairs corrupted Windows system files.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealthRepairs Windows image and fixes update/component corruption issues.
Disk Maintenance
cleanmgr /verylowdiskLaunches Disk Cleanup with aggressive cleanup options for low disk space.
chkdsk /f /rChecks disk integrity, fixes errors, and recovers readable information from bad sectors.
Internet & Network Issues
ipconfig /flushdnsClears DNS cache.
Your go-to when a site magically resolves to the wrong server again.
ping <hostname>Basic reachability check.
"Is the server alive or is it being dramatic?"
tracert <hostname>Checks route path.
Useful when your request decides to take a scenic trip through Germany.
netsh winsock resetResets Winsock.
When a machine is just refusing to connect to anything.
Resolve-DnsName <domain>Get the actual IP from DNS in PowerShell.
More accurate than nslookup, more modern than crying.
netstat -anoSee which ports are open and which process owns them.
Perfect when: "WHO is blocking my dev server again???"
Test-NetConnection <host> -Port <port>Checks ping + port availability.
Your fast "is the backend even listening?" tool.
Get-NetIPConfigurationClean, PowerShell-style view of adapter IPs & gateways.
Friendlier than the wall of text from ipconfig /all.
ipconfig /release && ipconfig /renewFor when DHCP needs a good slap.
(Yes, sometimes the client's PC needs this very slap.)
pathping <host>Ping + traceroute + packet loss.
When you actually need to prove the client's ISP is the problem, not "the website you made".
Display & Graphics
dxdiagOpens DirectX Diagnostic Tool to check graphics, sound, and DirectX issues.
pnputil /add-driver [driver.inf]Installs or updates graphics/display drivers.
Boot & Startup
bootrec /fixmbrRepairs the Master Boot Record.
bootrec /fixbootWrites a new boot sector to the system partition.
bootrec /rebuildbcdRebuilds the Boot Configuration Data store.
rstruiLaunches System Restore to revert system files and settings to an earlier point.
Memory Diagnostics
mdsched.exeRuns Windows Memory Diagnostic to check RAM for errors.
Audio & Sound Issues
mmsys.cplOpens legacy Sound Control Panel for managing audio devices.
sndvolOpens Volume Mixer to adjust sound levels per application.
System Information & Monitoring
msinfo32Opens System Information with hardware, components, and software environment details.
perfmonOpens Performance Monitor to analyze system performance.
taskmgrOpens Task Manager for monitoring running apps, processes, and performance.
resmonOpens Resource Monitor for detailed CPU, memory, disk, and network usage.
User & Security Tools
secpol.mscOpens Local Security Policy management.
gpedit.mscOpens Group Policy Editor for advanced system settings.
compmgmt.mscOpens Computer Management console for system tools and logs.