Windows TroubleshootingCommands

Windows Troubleshooting Tools

Command-line tools and utilities for diagnosing and fixing Windows issues.

System File & Image Repair

sfc /scannow

Scans and repairs corrupted Windows system files.

DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth

Repairs Windows image and fixes update/component corruption issues.

Disk Maintenance

cleanmgr /verylowdisk

Launches Disk Cleanup with aggressive cleanup options for low disk space.

chkdsk /f /r

Checks disk integrity, fixes errors, and recovers readable information from bad sectors.

Internet & Network Issues

ipconfig /flushdns

Clears DNS cache.

Your go-to when a site magically resolves to the wrong server again.

ping <hostname>

Basic reachability check.

"Is the server alive or is it being dramatic?"

tracert <hostname>

Checks route path.

Useful when your request decides to take a scenic trip through Germany.

netsh winsock reset

Resets Winsock.

When a machine is just refusing to connect to anything.

Resolve-DnsName <domain>

Get the actual IP from DNS in PowerShell.

More accurate than nslookup, more modern than crying.

netstat -ano

See which ports are open and which process owns them.

Perfect when: "WHO is blocking my dev server again???"

Test-NetConnection <host> -Port <port>

Checks ping + port availability.

Your fast "is the backend even listening?" tool.

Get-NetIPConfiguration

Clean, PowerShell-style view of adapter IPs & gateways.

Friendlier than the wall of text from ipconfig /all.

ipconfig /release && ipconfig /renew

For when DHCP needs a good slap.

(Yes, sometimes the client's PC needs this very slap.)

pathping <host>

Ping + traceroute + packet loss.

When you actually need to prove the client's ISP is the problem, not "the website you made".

Display & Graphics

dxdiag

Opens DirectX Diagnostic Tool to check graphics, sound, and DirectX issues.

pnputil /add-driver [driver.inf]

Installs or updates graphics/display drivers.

Boot & Startup

bootrec /fixmbr

Repairs the Master Boot Record.

bootrec /fixboot

Writes a new boot sector to the system partition.

bootrec /rebuildbcd

Rebuilds the Boot Configuration Data store.

rstrui

Launches System Restore to revert system files and settings to an earlier point.

Memory Diagnostics

mdsched.exe

Runs Windows Memory Diagnostic to check RAM for errors.

Audio & Sound Issues

mmsys.cpl

Opens legacy Sound Control Panel for managing audio devices.

sndvol

Opens Volume Mixer to adjust sound levels per application.

System Information & Monitoring

msinfo32

Opens System Information with hardware, components, and software environment details.

perfmon

Opens Performance Monitor to analyze system performance.

taskmgr

Opens Task Manager for monitoring running apps, processes, and performance.

resmon

Opens Resource Monitor for detailed CPU, memory, disk, and network usage.

User & Security Tools

secpol.msc

Opens Local Security Policy management.

gpedit.msc

Opens Group Policy Editor for advanced system settings.

compmgmt.msc

Opens Computer Management console for system tools and logs.

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